What is bipolar disorder?

Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness, is a mental health condition characterized by extreme shifts in mood, energy levels, and activity levels. It involves recurrent episodes of mania (elevated or irritable mood, increased energy, racing thoughts) and depression (persistent sadness, loss of interest or pleasure, feelings of worthlessness). These mood episodes can last for days, weeks, or months, and the transitions between them can be gradual or abrupt. Bipolar disorder can significantly disrupt a person's daily life, relationships, and overall functioning. Treatment typically involves medication, psychotherapy, and lifestyle adjustments.